Contrast studies, such as HSG (Hysterosalpingogram) and DDIVP (Double-Contrast Intravenous Pyelography), are diagnostic imaging tests that use contrast material to help visualize certain parts of the body. Here’s a brief explanation of each:

1. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): This is a type of X-ray test that uses contrast material to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes. The test is commonly used to evaluate female infertility, and can help identify blockages or other abnormalities in the reproductive system. During the test, a small amount of contrast material is injected through the cervix, and X-ray images are taken as the material fills the uterus and fallopian tubes.

2. Double-Contrast Intravenous Pyelography (DDIVP): This is a type of X-ray test that uses both a contrast material and a diuretic to visualize the urinary system. The test can help identify kidney stones, tumors, or other abnormalities in the urinary tract. During the test, contrast material is injected into a vein in the arm, and X-ray images are taken as the material travels through the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. The diuretic is given to help flush the contrast material out of the body quickly, which can help reduce the risk of side effects.

Both HSG and DDIVP are generally safe procedures with few risks. However, as with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications that should be discussed with a healthcare provider before undergoing the test.