USG stands for Ultrasound, which is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the internal structures of the body. There are two main types of USG examinations: routine and single parts.

1. Routine USG: A routine USG is a comprehensive examination that involves imaging of multiple organs and regions of the body to assess their structure, function, and any abnormalities. It may include imaging of the abdomen, pelvis, chest, thyroid, breast, and other areas as needed. Routine USG is commonly used for general health screening, monitoring of chronic conditions, and evaluation of unexplained symptoms or concerns.

2. Single Parts USG: A single parts USG, on the other hand, focuses on a specific organ or region of interest. It is typically done when there is a suspected problem or abnormality in a particular area, and the physician wants to obtain detailed images for diagnostic purposes. Examples of single parts USG include abdominal USG to evaluate the liver, gallbladder, or kidneys, pelvic USG to assess the uterus and ovaries, and musculoskeletal USG to examine joints, tendons, or muscles.

Both routine and single parts USG examinations are performed by a trained sonographer or radiologist using a handheld device called a transducer, which emits sound waves and receives echoes from the internal organs or tissues. The echoes are then processed by a computer to generate real-time images that can be interpreted by a healthcare provider to make a diagnosis or guide further medical management. USG is generally considered safe, painless, and does not involve any radiation exposure, making it a widely used imaging modality in medical practice.